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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*tosun face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wild, undisciplined face="Times New Roman Star"äèêèé, íåîáúåçæåííûé face="Times New Roman Star"tosun (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tosun (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"tosun 'bull-calf; young man' face="Times New Roman Star"tusan (Áóä. ) face="Times New Roman Star"tosun face="Times New Roman Star"to:sun (dial. ÄÑÀç 385) face="Times New Roman Star"tosun face="Times New Roman Star"tos- 'to rave' face="Times New Roman Star"tusap-sa 'quarrelsome' face="Times New Roman Star"tosyn 'unexpectedly', tosyrqa- 'to stand aloof' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 555-556, VEWT 491, TMN 2, 613-614, Àøì. XIV, 175, 180, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 255-256. face="Times New Roman Star"*c?epil/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a half-year or 1-year-old kid face="Times New Roman Star"(ïîëó)ãîäîâàëûé êîçëåíîê face="Times New Roman Star"c?epis? (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?epis?, c?epic? face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivic? face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"pis? face="Times New Roman Star"c?ebis? face="Times New Roman Star"c?apis? ( < Az.?) face="Times New Roman Star"c?ebic? face="Times New Roman Star"c?emic? face="Times New Roman Star"c?ebic? face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 105, EDT 399, Ùåðáàê 1961 , 120. Cf. also Chag. c?iber 'mountain goat' (R ). The reflex -b- in Turkm. and Uygh. may be an indication of original vowel length (?) Shcherbak's hypothesis of the word being borrowed < Iranian is dubious; Pers. c?apis?, c?apus? itself may well be borrowed < Turkic. In any case, the Persian form cannot be a regular IE match for Lat. caper. Cf. WH 1, 157, sub caper: "Np. c?apis?...lautlich unmo"glich"; indeed, Common Iranian -p- (< IE -p-) > Mod. Pers. and NW-Iran. -b-, in exceptional cases -v- (Ðàñòîðãóåâà ÇÈÔ 114-115); a parallel for caper may perhaps be found in Sak. cau_, Osset. ca"v 'goat' (see Àá. 1, 307, Bailey 105). One should mention the problematic "Wanderformen" Rum. cap, Alb. tsap, Ital. dial. cappo, Crim.-Goth. stap, Slav. *ca//pú 'he-goat'; cf. also Oyr. c?a:p 'one year-old roebuck' ( < Mong.?). See Òðóáà÷åâ 1960 , 89-90, Orel 47 with literature; note especially Hubschmid's (1954 , 49) hypothesis of the Turkic origin of this Wanderwort. face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to ask, require 2 to hire, lease 3 price 4 servant 5 envoy 6 to be satisfied 7 to give satisfaction face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðîñèòü, òðåáîâàòü 2 íàíèìàòü 3 öåíà, ïëàòà, íàåì 4 ñëóãà 5 ïîñîë 6 ïîëó÷àòü óäîâëåòâîðåíèå, áûòü ñ÷àñòëèâûì 7 äàâàòü óäîâëåòâîðåíèå face="Times New Roman Star"jalvar-, jalyn- (OUygh.) 1, jalabac? (Orkh., Yen.), jalavac? (OUygh.) 5, jalc?y-t- 7 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jalvar- 1, jalavac?, jalavar 5 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jalvar- 1, jalavac? 5 face="Times New Roman Star"jalvar-, jalyn- 1, jalla- 2, jal (Áóä. ) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"jalbar- 1 (MA ), jalyn- 1 (Abush. ), jal (Áóä. ) 3, jalavac? (AH ) 5, jalc?y- 6, 7 (Ettuhf. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jo|lwar-, jalin- 1, jo|lla"- 2, jo|lc?i- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"jalba"(r)-, jalvar-, jelin- 1, jalc?i- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"jalvar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jalbar-, jalyn- 1, ja:llav 3, ja:lc?y 4 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"c?al 3 face="Times New Roman Star"jal, d/al 3, jalbar-, d/albar-, jalyn-, d/alyn- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ala-, c?alwar-, c?alyn- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|albar-, z?|alyn- 1, z?|al 3, z?|alc?y- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"z?albar-, z?alyn- 1, z?al 3 face="Times New Roman Star"jalbar-, jalyn- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jalbar-, jalyn- 1, jalsy- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"z?alyn-, zalyn- 1, zal 3 face="Times New Roman Star"jalvar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jalbar-, jalvar- 1, jal 3, jalc?y- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"z?albar- 1, z?al 3, z?als?y- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"jalbar-, jalyn- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 181-183, EDT 920, 921, 922, 931, ÝÑÒß 4, 84-85, 89, 92-93, 102-103, 107; TMN 4, 108, Ùåðáàê 1997 , 121 (Turk. jalbar- > Mong. z?|albari-). The root is no doubt archaic, but presents some problems: the deriving simple stem *ja:l is attested late, and there seems to be no vowel length in the derivatives *jalyn-, *jal-bar- (although this may be a later secondary shortening). The peculiar suffixation in jalbar-, jalabac?, jalabar caused some authors (see, e.g., Clauson in EDT ) to suspect a loanword, but its source is unclear and the forms may as well be genuine (as are certainly the forms *ja:l, *jalyn-). face="Times New Roman Star"*jul- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to ransom 2 ransom face="Times New Roman Star"1 âûêóïàòü 2 âûêóï face="Times New Roman Star"julug| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jul- 1, julug| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sulu: 2 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uluv 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 210. Turk. > Mong. z?|oli- 'to ransom' (KW 476; Ùåðáàê 1997 , 164: MMong. z?|olia, WMong. z?|olig| < Turk. julug|), whence Man. z?|olig|an etc. (see ÒÌÑ 1, 263). face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.nc?- / *jenc?- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to crush face="Times New Roman Star"ëîìàòü face="Times New Roman Star"janc?- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"janc?-, jenc?- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jenc?- face="Times New Roman Star"je|nc?e- face="Times New Roman Star"jenc?- (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"ja"nc?- face="Times New Roman Star"ja"nc?- face="Times New Roman Star"jenc?- face="Times New Roman Star"nas?- face="Times New Roman Star"sys- / syn/- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|anc?- face="Times New Roman Star"z?ans?y- face="Times New Roman Star"jans?y- face="Times New Roman Star"janc?-, jenc?-, janc- face="Times New Roman Star"z?ens?- face="Times New Roman Star"janc?- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 944, ÝÑÒß 4, 184-185. Turk. > WMong. z?|anc?i-, janc?i-, KW 466, Ùåðáàê 1997 , 122. See also notes to *ja:n(u)- 'threaten'. face="Times New Roman Star"*je.n|- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to win face="Times New Roman Star"ïîáåæäàòü face="Times New Roman Star"jen|- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jen- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|in|- face="Times New Roman Star"jen|- (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jen|- face="Times New Roman Star"ja"n|- face="Times New Roman Star"jen-, jin- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jen|- face="Times New Roman Star"c?in|- face="Times New Roman Star"nen|-, neg- face="Times New Roman Star"jen|-, d/en|- face="Times New Roman Star"jen|g- face="Times New Roman Star"s/@n- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|en|- face="Times New Roman Star"z?en|- face="Times New Roman Star"jen|- face="Times New Roman Star"jen|- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|en|- face="Times New Roman Star"jen- face="Times New Roman Star"jen|g-, jen/- face="Times New Roman Star"z?en|- face="Times New Roman Star"jen|- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 942, ÝÑÒß 4, 187, Ëåêñèêà 576. Ramstedt's hypothesis of *jen|- being derived from *jeg- 'better, top' could be accepted, but the Ud. parallel din|e- makes it questionable. We prefer to regard -n|- here as the root consonant. face="Times New Roman Star"*jylym face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"net face="Times New Roman Star"ñåòü face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ylym face="Times New Roman Star"ilim (CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"jylym (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jylym face="Times New Roman Star"s/il@m face="Times New Roman Star"ilim face="Times New Roman Star"ilim face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ylym face="Times New Roman Star"z?ylym face="Times New Roman Star"jylym face="Times New Roman Star"jylym face="Times New Roman Star"z?ylym face="Times New Roman Star"jylym face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 200, ÝÑÒß 4, 282-283, Stachowski 125. Turk. > Hung. gyalom, see Gombocz 1912 . face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)aly- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 sky 2 to clear up (of sky) face="Times New Roman Star"1 íåáî 2 ïðîÿñíÿòüñÿ (î íåáå) face="Times New Roman Star"qalyq (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"(ko"k) qalyq 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"? júl- 'to shine, glitter' face="Times New Roman Star"kilej-xalaj 'shining', xalyn- 2, xalla:n 'clear sky, good weather' face="Times New Roman Star"kalla:n 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 226, Ëåêñèêà 60-61, Stachowski 135. face="Times New Roman Star"*KArsak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"steppe fox face="Times New Roman Star"ñòåïíàÿ ëèñà face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq (IM , Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rso|q face="Times New Roman Star"Garsaq face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq face="Times New Roman Star"qarhaq face="Times New Roman Star"qarsaq face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 313, Ëåêñèêà 161, TMN 3, 442. face="Times New Roman Star"*[g]e.ntu" (-nd-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"self, himself face="Times New Roman Star"ñàì face="Times New Roman Star"kentu" (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"kendu" (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kendi, dial. gendu" face="Times New Roman Star"gendi face="Times New Roman Star"kini 'he' face="Times New Roman Star"gini 'he', gien 'own' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 728-729, ÝÑÒß 5, 38-39, Óáðÿòîâà 1953, Ra"sa"nen 1957, 18, Stachowski 86. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyc? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"foot, shin face="Times New Roman Star"íîãà, ãîëåíü face="Times New Roman Star"kyc? 'foot, shin; coccyx, behind' face="Times New Roman Star"qyc? (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gyc? face="Times New Roman Star"Gyc? (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qys 'êàìóñ' face="Times New Roman Star"xys/ 'back, behind' face="Times New Roman Star"ky:s berbe:kej 'ùèêîëîòêà, ëîäûæêà' (?) face="Times New Roman Star"qyc? face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 281, ÝÑÒß 6, 252-253. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kysyr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 barren (cow) 2 barren mare face="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿëîâàÿ (êîðîâà) 2 ÿëîâàÿ êîáûëà face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysraq 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kysyr 1, kysrak 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr (Pav. C. ) 1, qysyraq 2 (Houts. , Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qisir 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qisir 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gysyr 1, GysraG 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gysyr 1, Gysraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xyzyr 1, xyzyrax 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"x@z@r 1, k@sre 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kytara:- 'ñòàòü ñòàðîäîéíîþ, ÿëîâåòü' face="Times New Roman Star"kytarak 'barren' face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyr 1, qyzyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyt|yr 1, qyt|yraq (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 668-669, VEWT 267, 268, ÝÑÒß 6, 249-251, Stachowski 170. Turk. > Kalm. ki:sr, KW 234 (but Doerfer TMN 3, 476 objects, saying that Kalm. is a "dialektische Variante von ku":sr < ke'u"-ser"); > Mong. qusuran| / kisuran| 'barren (cow)' > Man. kisari. face="Times New Roman Star"*go"c?- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to migrate, nomadize 2 nomadizing face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìèãðèðîâàòü, êî÷åâàòü 2 êî÷åâêà face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1 (MK , KB ), ko"c? 2 (KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"go"c?- 1, go"c? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"c?- 1, ku"c? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"z?|- 1, ko"c? 2 (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ko.c?- 1, ko.c? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1, ko"c? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1, ko"c? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"go"c?- 1, go"c? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?- 1, ko"s? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kos/- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s- 1, ko"s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s- 1, ko"s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"'s?- 1, ko"'s? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"'s?- 1, ko"'s? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1, ko"c? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?- 1, ko"s? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?- 1, ko"s? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s 'ðîé', ku"s- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"go"c?- 1, go"c? 'luggage' face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?- 1, ko"s? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"go"c?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 693, 694, Ëåêñèêà 489, ÝÑÒß 3, 88-90, TMN 3, 622, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 315, Stachowski 158. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kurum face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"soot face="Times New Roman Star"ñàæà, êîïîòü face="Times New Roman Star"qurun (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kurum face="Times New Roman Star"qorym face="Times New Roman Star"qurum (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"qurum face="Times New Roman Star"qurum (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qorym, quryn face="Times New Roman Star"Gurum face="Times New Roman Star"Gurum face="Times New Roman Star"xurun face="Times New Roman Star"qurun face="Times New Roman Star"Gurun face="Times New Roman Star"xúrúm (Anatri) face="Times New Roman Star"kurunn/uk face="Times New Roman Star"qurum face="Times New Roman Star"qurym face="Times New Roman Star"qurym face="Times New Roman Star"qorom face="Times New Roman Star"qurum face="Times New Roman Star"qurum face="Times New Roman Star"qurum face="Times New Roman Star"qurym face="Times New Roman Star"qurum face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 206, 371-372, EDT 661, ÝÑÒß 6, 169-170. Turk. > Hung. korom 'soot', see Gombocz 1912 . face="Times New Roman Star"*Eren face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"man, mankind face="Times New Roman Star"÷åëîâåê, ÷åëîâå÷åñêèé ðîä face="Times New Roman Star"eren (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"eren (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ire|n (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"eren (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ejen (Lob.) face="Times New Roman Star"eren face="Times New Roman Star"iren face="Times New Roman Star"eren face="Times New Roman Star"eren face="Times New Roman Star"eren face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 290-291. face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)ar- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 heron, crane 2 swallow, swift face="Times New Roman Star"1 öàïëÿ, æóðàâëü 2 ëàñòî÷êà face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|ac? (OUygh.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|ac?, qarg|ylac? (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"karkara 1, kyrlang|yc?, kyrlyk 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|ac? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarluwac?, qarlug|ac? (Sangl. , Pav. C. , MA ), qarlag|ac? (Houts. ), qarlawuc? (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rqe|re| 1, qe|ldirg|o|c? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qaqira 1, qalg|ac? (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"GaranGus?, Garag|los? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Garqara (dial.) 1, Garlava:c? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xarlag|as, xarlyg|as (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarla:s? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarlag|as?, qarylg|as? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xaran|ac?c?y 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarqyra 1, qardyg|ac? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarqyra 1, qarlyg|as? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|as? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|as (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarylg|ac? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|as? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qarlag|ac?, qarlyg|ac? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 657, ÝÑÒß 5, 306-309; Ëåêñèêà 175-176. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko"rtu"k face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 woodcock 2 turkey 3 black-cock face="Times New Roman Star"1 âàëüäøíåï 2 èíäþê 3 òåòåðåâ face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rka" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rku", dial. ku"rtku" 'black-cock', ku"rles (Sag.) 'grouse' face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rtu"k 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rtu"k 3, ku"rte 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|rka 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"rc?o"x 'young spring duck, already able to fly' face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rtu" 3 face="Times New Roman Star"hu"'rtu" 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rp 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rke-tawyq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rka" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 311, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 258. face="Times New Roman Star"*ben|i face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"joy, pleasure face="Times New Roman Star"ðàäîñòü, óäîâîëüñòâèå face="Times New Roman Star"ben|i, men|i face="Times New Roman Star"men|i (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 348, Ëåêñèêà 195 (sub 'brain'). face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"n|re- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to howl face="Times New Roman Star"êðè÷àòü (â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü, î æèâîòíîì) face="Times New Roman Star"mu"n|re- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"mu"n|re- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"bo"gu"r- face="Times New Roman Star"mo"gre|- face="Times New Roman Star"mun|ra- (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"mo"ri- face="Times New Roman Star"mo"n|n|u"r-, mo"n|re- face="Times New Roman Star"mu":re- face="Times New Roman Star"mo":ro":- face="Times New Roman Star"mo"n|u"ru"o"-, mo"gu"ru"o"- face="Times New Roman Star"mo":re- face="Times New Roman Star"mo":ro":- face="Times New Roman Star"mo"n|ire- face="Times New Roman Star"mo"n|ra"- face="Times New Roman Star"mo"vra"- face="Times New Roman Star"mo"n|ra"- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 342, EDT 770, ÝÑÒß 7. The variant *ban|ra- is also attested (see VEWT 327). face="Times New Roman Star"*oj- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 play 2 to play 3 to jump face="Times New Roman Star"1 èãðà 2 èãðàòü 3 ïðûãàòü face="Times New Roman Star"ojun 1, ojna- 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ojun 1, ojna- 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ojun 1, ojna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ujyn 1, ujna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o.jin 1, o.jna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ojun, ojan 1, ojni- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"oin, ujin 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ojun 1, ojna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ojun 1, ojna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ojyn 1, ojna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"oin 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ojyn 1, ojno- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"vúw|júw| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"o:nn/u: 1, o:nn/o:- 2, oj- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"oj- 3, o:nn/o:- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ojun 1, ojna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ojun 1, ojno- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ojyn 1, ojna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ojyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ujyn 1, ujna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ojun 1, ojna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ojun 1, ojna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ojun 1, ojna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ojyn 1, ojna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ojun 1, ojna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 274, 275, ÝÑÒß 1, 435-436, Stachowski 190, 198. The verb also has sexual connotations, preserved in Kirgh., Oyr., Bashk. and Yak. (where it also means 'to flirt, be in love') and in the common Turkic derivative *ojnal/ 'lover' (see ÝÑÒß ibid.) - important for establishing external connections.
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